Parental Filters on the Internet Essay

Technology, often defined as the application of science, was basically the crafts practiced by unschooled artisans (McClellan, 2006). Technologies had tangibly affected the people’s way of living, since these are made to improve their quality of life. Its existence was completely evident on how our ancestors developed simple choppers into fine blades, and later on, discovered the utilization of fire. One of the present discoveries was the Internet, which gradually diminished the barrier between communications. It served as a gateway of people all over the globe into the social scene. As perceived by Gralla (1998), Internet is the purest form of electronic democracy—where no single person, group or organization runs the Internet. It was made possible through computers interconnected with each other, sharing common information. These computers range from personal to government-owned databases, both local and international, to academic and business-oriented computers. A telephone, a modem, and a computer of course, are needed in able to connect to the Internet. Once you are connected to the Internet, your computer becomes an extension: another linkage on the Internet. Though the Internet was first used as a defense project of the United States, the Internet had evolved into being the newest kind of media. And eventually, it was used in schools, workplaces and businesses as well. It was able to help students in their home works, or catch up with the lessons they missed, and everybody’s favorite—social networking. As for professionals, the Internet enabled them to conduct video conferences, giving people who aren’t able to attend a certain meeting at ease. The Internet helped entrepreneurs as well, in finding the best products the community wants today, as well as providing on-line service with its customers. However, despite of all these good application of Internet, we cannot deny the fact that there are people who upload gore, violence and other explicit content. Though every information shared over the Internet has its own target audiences, parents should be literate enough to regulate and filter information their children are about to view. Parents, in the first place, are the one who thought their children to speak and communicate. Internet is the one that thought students to communicate and explore beyond extent. But parents are parents; they own their child and internet doesn’t. Internet can change someone but their parents can still control them. But still, as members of the society, we have to be responsible of what we access on the Internet, concerning especially the children. Kids these days spend more time on the Internet as much as our age does, which is very alarming, since this triggers children in accessing restricted material. Even social networking sites are surrounded with pedophiles and sexual predators, waiting for its prey to be devoured. Assuming that majority of the respondents control and filter their children’s use of the Internet, this study seeks to answer the forms of mechanisms utilized by every parent in a particular household, and its significance to child protection. Background of the Study As what Anne Frank stated, â€Å"Parents can only give good advice or put them on the right paths, but the final forming of a person’s character lies in their own hands.† In this quote, it is evident that parents are meant to support their children in forming their personalities in any aspect of his life. In the Philippine context, it is believed that if a person possesses good traits, it was because he was raised by his parents well. A parent may vary from another parent in raising a child, but the main point in here is that, every single parent shapes their children in the way they wanted them to be. Diana Baumrind, a clinical psychologist, conducted a research study in 1960’s on the linkages of parenting styles, and its effects on 100 preschool-aged children. Using naturalistic observation, parental interviews and other research methods, she had identified four important dimensions of parenting (Cherry, 2011) namely: Authoritarian Parenting, Authoritative Pare nting, Permissive Parenting and lastly, Uninvolved Parenting. Among the four parenting styles Baumrind had identified, Authoritarian Parenting has high regards of their children, as well as their expectations. When these expectations aren’t met, punishment is likely to be followed. Children raised this way tend to be more furious outdoors, or lack self-esteem. Contrary to that, Authoritative Parenting still has its own rules to follow, but the difference is that, no punishment is inflicted, and thus nurtured instead. While Permissive Parenting practices no disciplinary actions at all, thus creating an environment filled with love. However, children raised this way, more often than not, are stubborn in nature. Uninvolved Parenting means no parenting at all, meaning they do not support them through their endeavors, but strictly comply with their needs. Children have the tendency to be more anxious than the usual, and exhibit more delinquency or drug abuse. (Cherry, 2011) In relation to our study, parenting plays the vital role in shaping their children, not only in their behaviors, but also within the context of Internet dilemmas. Indeed, the Internet can be both good and bad in general. It can help children in doing their researches and improve their knowledge within a particular lesson, but at the same time, there will be a tendency that they will depend too much on what Internet has to offer—which is unhealthy, since not all information shared over the internet are true and reliable. It can reconnect their long lost friends, and discover new friends through social networking, but it could also expose them to the danger of meeting strange new people online. Since the Internet has a wide array of information, it can satisfy one’s curiosity regarding a certain topic, but into what extent? Internet, in this modern day, serves as a key or a portal through everything that this world has. People recognize its use in a good and bad way. In a recent study conducted by Asian Institute of Journalism and Communication from February to April year 2009, it showed that 74% have access to the Internet. Most of the respondents came from Visayas and Metro Manila. The respondents include grade school pupils 10-12 old, and high school students 13-17 old. The children in both subgroups basically use the Internet for email, connecting with friends, participating in e-groups and social networks. Though these types of activities are considered ‘safe’, it is actually not. Cyber-bullying has been rampant in the airwaves, as well as pornography and other explicit content. Pornography can be generally defined as erotic depictions intended to provoke a sexual response (Casanova, 2000). It can exist in many forms, including videos, films, stills, and even comics. High school students are definitely aware of this at a young age, it is because their minds are preoccupied with curiosity thus, filling their satisfaction to know and explore through the world of internet. However, with proper guidance and regulation of parents on how their children utilize the Internet, we can still shape these children the way they should be. To keep them safe from the detrimental effects Internet has to bring upon. Be it physically, mentally, socially, sexually, psychologically or even spiritually. Media, especially social media, has gradually changed the youth’s social and emotional cognition to its environment. How a child interacts with the people around him is greatly affected with his exposure with the media (Asian Institute of Journalism and Communication, 2010). In a study conducted by Kraut (1998), the social effect of the Internet is a bit similar with television, but greater use of the Internet is statistically significant into declining of social involvement. It greatly affects the social circle he belongs to, his social contact, and social communication. Another is that, Liwag (2007) stated that Internet has the capacity to erode authority structures. This means that children might be accepting parental authority. Getting into the physical context, children that are more exposed to Internet use, had a great impact on their lifestyles. Children sleep well beforehand, but since they got hooked with the Internet, their daily routine had tangibly changed. Liwag (2007) explained that many adolescents are into health-compromising habits and sedentary lifestyle. (Asian Institute of Journalism and Communication, 2010) With the cases mentioned above, we, the researchers remain persistent in knowing what Filipino parents do, and have to do in order to diminish these cases for them not to experience. Theoretical Framework The study being proposed will adapt two mass communication theories. The first one is the Elaboration Likelihood by created by Richard E Petty and John T Cacioppo and the second one is the Social Judgment Theory that was developed by Muzafer Sherif and Carl Hovland. Elaboration Likelihood A popular model used as a principle in persuasion work is the Elaboration Likelihood Model created by Richard E Petty and John T Cacioppo. The Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) states that there are two routes through which persuasive messages are processed: the central route and the peripheral route. Developed in 1980, this relatively new persuasion model attempts to â€Å"explain how a persuasive message works to change the attitude of the receiver† (Moore, 2001). Central and peripheral routes: both are effective styles of persuasion techniques, but each one has strategies and guiding principles to make it more effective. Understanding the two routes of persuasion discussed in the Elaboration Likelihood Model is vital to the persuasion process. Messages sent via the central route of persuasion must be straight-forward and complete. The central route consists of â€Å"thoughtful consideration of the arguments (ideas, content) in the message† (Benoit et al., 2001). The receiver carefully scrutinizes the message and evaluates the subject matter of the idea. Messages sent through this route must possess a high level of receiver involvement, that is, the receiver must actually care about and be related to the subject. Because it is of importance to them, the message will be evaluated thoroughly. Central route messages must be strong. The message is going to be dissected and analyzed from every angle, so it had better have some substance to it. The peripheral route of persuasion is successful for messages with low receiver involvement, low receiver motivation, and weak messages. Unlike the central route persuasion, messages sent via the peripheral route are not processed cognitively. Rather, the peripheral route states that â€Å"if a person is unable to elaborate on a message extensively, then she may still be persuaded by factors that have nothing to do with the actual content of the message itself† (Moore, 2001). According to Professors Dean Kruckeberg and Ken Starck, â€Å"the dominant public view of public relations, in fact, is one of persuasive communication actions†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Wilcox et al., 2003, p.214). It is suggested that attitudes formed under high elaboration, the central route, are stronger than those formed under low elaboration. This means that this level of persuasion is stable over time and is less susceptible to decay or any type of counter-persuasion. Attitudes formed under low elaboration, the peripheral route, are more likely to cause a short term attitude change. The ELM is based on the idea that attitudes are important because attitudes guide decisions and other behaviors. While attitudes can result from a number of things, persuasion is a primary source. Model Social Judgment Theory This theory of attitude change was developed by Muzafer Sherif and Carl Hovland and later by Carolyn Sherif. As its name suggests, it is a model of judgment, which means that it declares that the audience interprets (judges) a message. Specifically, a listener judges how much the message agrees or disagrees with his or her own attitude. Second, Social Judgment theory holds that a listener’s involvement in the topic of the persuasive message – that is, how important a topic is to a listener – is an important factor in attitude change. Given a range of possible positions about given subject, people may have a range of opinions, but will have an anchor position. As this is often tied to people’s sense of identity, it is seldom possible to change it. The latitude of acceptance are those positions which are acceptable. The latitude of non-commitment are those positions which are neither accepted nor rejected. The latitude of rejection are positions which will be actively opposed. We can observe that one person can think a summer day is hot while another believes it is only pleasantly warm. Two friends can see the same movie and one will like it and the other will hate it. And two people can hear the same persuasive message but have quite different reactions to it. Social Judgment theory explains how two people can react so differently to the very same message. The reason why people gave different answers is that they had different comparison points or anchors and also because of their ego involvement. Each listener or reader judges the main idea of the message, how much it agrees or disagrees with him or her, by comparing the message with his or her anchor point, which in Social Judgment theory is his or her existing attitude on the message topic. Model: Conceptual Framework Elaboration Likelihood The researchers formulated a model of dual routes of persuasion to explain the situation being studied. The illustration shows the how, the what, and the predicted outcome of parents’ response to control their children’s internet access. The model will start from message that will be coming from the parents. Then the message will proceed to the audience factor—which is the children. There are two possibilities from which the message might flow. There will be a possibility of having high motivation and ability to think of the message or possess low motivation and ability to think of the message. In that process, it will show the parents to think of the control mechanism they will be using whether it could be a high or a low factor. Then the third process will be the processing approach which will show the style of approach the parents can be used. The last part of the process would be the persuasion outcome. Through that process we can infer if the outcome the parents had executed to control their children’s access had been a persuasive message in changing the children’s access to internet. In that case, the parents are expected to research and apply these mechanisms in controlling their children’s internet access. Eventually, there will be an element of dissatisfaction that will trigger their train of thought to try all of control mechanisms if possible. Each control mechanism has its own style that could or could not be persuasive or effective. Just like in the adopted theory of Elaboration Likelihood, that there are two techniques of persuasion and both of it are effective styles, but each one has strategies and guiding principles to make it more effective. Understanding the two routes of persuasion discussed in the Elaboration Likelihood Model is vital to the persuasion process. Conceptual Model: Social Judgment The Social Judgment theory in this study will focus on the children’s response or their involvement in the control mechanisms of their parents. Whether they will accept it, reject it or there is no potential commitment. As the conceptual model illustrates, it will start to the parent’s control mechanism. Afterwards, children will assess it depending on their level of ego-involvement and on their own anchor points. Lastly, it is their choice if they will accept it, reject it or just don’t commit at it. Not all children will have the same involvement because of their different attitudes or their ego involvement and anchor points. Conceptual Model: Statement of the Problem What are the mechanisms utilized by parents in controlling their children’s access to the internet and its significance to child protection? Objectives of the Study 1. To present the profile of the respondents in terms of: a. Demographic b. Economic 2. To know the different Internet sites that children usually view. 3. To identify the different control mechanisms used by parents in controlling their children’s internet access. 4. To determine the factors affecting the parents to control children’s access in the internet. 5. To determine if controlling children’s Internet usage will change their behavior towards Internet. Significance of the Study: To Parents and Teachers Association (PTA) With the collaboration of parents and teachers, this study would help them discuss with each other the action they should do if ever they will make a project plan regarding internet and children. They could be able to make different programs and seminars of how to handle their children and what to do in order to control children’s internet access. To the parents In accordance to the result of this study, parents will become attentive of what tends their children to visit such sites. If that happens, they could determine and counter-attack those factors with the proper and effective way of controlling their children’s internet access. They could also change their old mechanism in filtering their child’s internet use at least to refrain their child’s exposure on restricted sites. To the teachers Since teachers are correlated and influential with the shaping of the knowledge of students, with this study, they could serve as a bridge on the proper way of introducing internet world as an educational tool especially computer teachers. They should explain to students the main purpose of internet, the proper attitude towards internet access—their limitations, do’s and don’ts, To children, to students With the result of the study, children are hoped to see internet as a purposeful and educational one. They would gradually decrease their access on the internet abusively especially restricted sites. And to be able to understand that there is always a right time for everything. To the researchers and future researchers With the instrumentation, recommendations, conclusions and the study as whole, future researchers wanting to pursue a study like this would be a big help in producing another research or study in line with the topic. Their study could be an action towards the guidelines on filtering internet. Hypotheses: With the study, the following hypotheses are used: 1. With the objectives of the study, researchers expect the following: a. Parents in the lower class family are those who aren’t knowledgeable about the internet b. Parents in the middle class family are those who quite knowledgeable about internet c. Parents who are in the higher class family are those who are more knowledgeable about the internet. 2. The following sites are what children’s usually visit on the internet (in random order): Social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, Youtube and Multiply d. Online games e. Restricted and malicious sites f. Sites for educational purposes such as ebooks, forums, online classrooms 3. Parents usually control their children’s internet access with the set of rules and regulations given on them such as time limitations, reminding them the proper use of internet, securing their child by filtering the internet etc. 4. Bad effects children affecting their scholastic records, children’s nasty view of real world, effects of unwanted websites inappropriate of children’s age such as pornographic sites, print and broadcast media and hearsays of internet’s harm to children are the factors affecting parents to control children’s access on the internet. 5. Children become more at ease, curious and the more they are controlled, the more they are spending long duration of time on their use of internet. Limitations of the Study This study entitled, â€Å"PARENTAL FILTERS ON THE INTERNET: THE MECHANISMS UTILIZED BY PARENTS IN CONTROLLING THEIR CHILDREN’S ACCESS TO INTERNET†, concentrates on the practices, tools or guidelines used by parents in controlling and protecting their children with the potential harms that internet contains. This study focuses only in Manila, in which the researchers systematically selected four High Schools from the locality. The schools, those researchers had chosen, are Malate High School, St. Anthony School, Dona Teodora Alonzo High School, and Villamor High School. The parents will be the main respondents of the study, coming from the Parents and Teachers Association or PTA in the selected schools respectively. The researchers are limited to take 100 respondents from all the parents in those selected four schools. These 100 respondents will be coming from the PTA members. Due to lack of resources, we would trim down the number of the PTA population to 100. The age bracket of students in the chosen high schools is roughly from twelve years old to sixteen years old. These students are the source where we can gather information from the parent. Considering these students have basic knowledge on computer and browsing internet—same goes with parents. This research study is only limited on the students, as it should, who use computer and access internet. This entails the effects getting or absorbing by the students, whether it’s good or bad. The bad effects of internet to students can be in physical and in mental condition. Operational Definition This part contains words with corresponding definition used by the researchers throughout their understanding and limitation. This serves as the researchers’ own dictionary only in important and primary terms. This also serves as the guiding tool to better understanding to this study. Students Students refer to the students who are enrolled and studying on the systematically selected four schools in Manila. These are the students who have, at least, basic knowledge in using computer and accessing and browsing the internet.

Monsoon Wedding And East Is East Film Studies Essay

The ‘ethics of regard ‘ in both movies was coming from different positions. Monsoon Wedding, the regard was an insider and East is East the regard was an foreigner. The professor in the talk spoke about how Monsoon Wedding was about a Punjabi household and the scene was in New Delhi, India, which is a familiar district for Mira Nair, the manager of the movie. This may besides be one of the grounds why Monsoon Wedding has an insider ‘s position to the Indian Punjabi civilization. An illustration of the insider ‘s position is when the nuptials planner/decorator Mr. Dubey fell in love with the artlessness of the amah and the simpleness of her character. This was a small hard for me as a spectator to understand because the construct explored much traditional Indian civilization which a western audience may non be familiar with. This movie shows the positions of secondary characters and the viewing audiences as the others. An illustration of this is, when Aditi â⠂¬Ëœs cousin who has come from a Western state to go to the nuptials, he is shown as ‘out of topographic point ‘ in footings of civilization and ethnicity, which this movie captures attractively through music, linguistic communication, nutrient, idiosyncrasy, and apparels. The film showed many struggles through the emotions of the characters. An illustration of this is when Aditi was acquiring engaged, it was a happy juncture but her facial looks gave away her emotions of unhappiness. This directs the spectator ‘s understandings towards the characters and forces us to mime the emotions by acquiring the audience ‘s empathy. Many of the emotions of the characters are expressed through lighting and camera work. An first-class illustration of this is the scene where Aditi ‘s male parent and female parent go into her room where she is kiping and look at their girl, how grown up she has gotten. This scene was shot at dark, but the lighting and camera captures the male parent and the female parent ‘s facial look in such a elusive manner that the viewing audiences might non detect, but they are emotionally sympathizing with the male parent. East is East on the other manus was filmed through an foreigner ‘s position. I surely felt that when watching the film because foremost the scene of this film was in England in the seventiess. Second, the secret plan showed the Muslim Pakistani civilization in a satirical manner which I believe may do the position of the film as the foreigner. The professor mentioned in the talk that the construct of ‘the other ‘ is shown as alien and beautiful in East is East. The regard in this movie is of the other and hence all characters are shown as being invariably measured by the viewing audiences. This movie touches upon many sensitive issues such as ethnicity, faith and marginalisation of civilizations. As an immigrant myself in Canada, this film aroused my emotions for all the characters including the male parent. At first when watching the movie, it seemed that the male parent was shown as a negative character, but subsequently on in the film I sympathized with the male parent. That is, he is shown to be torn between two civilizations and keeping on really tightly to each. Issues of individuality are profoundly explored in this movie and are shown a small through each character. The character of the female parent is shown to be really loving and lovingness, this I believe is the lone character which is shown to be impersonal and non in struggle in footings of civilization. An illustration of this is throughout the film, the female parent ‘s character did non confront any personal cultural struggle. Her kids were called ‘half strains ‘ but she was ne'er faced with any direct cultural struggle since she had assimilated in the Pakistani civilization ‘s unhappiness. This in bend directs the spectator ‘s understandings with her and makes her a character that the audience hand clapping for. The camera work, music, costumes and sound effects emphasized the secret plan and helped the audience to the full understand the characters emotions. I peculiarly liked the costumes and music in the scene, when the girl is dancing with the broom. She is have oning the saree but in a manner that is western and listening to an Indian vocal and dance. The audience can non assist but smile because the facial looks of the girl are extracted towards the audience. The camera work and make-up are done attractively for the amusing scene when a household had come to run into the two boies for their girl ‘s matrimony. The girls near ups were nicely shot ; that full scene had good camera work capturing everyone ‘s uncomfortable emotions unusually. To reason, both movies Monsoon Wedding and East is East have showed different positions. The regard in both movies directs the viewing audiences ‘ attending to characters and their emotions. The camera work and proficient facets of the movie helped both Monsoon Wedding and East is East gaining control the narrative and emotions of each character.Mention PageHelfield, Gillian. â€Å" Week 1 – East is East / Monsoon Wedding. † 06-01-2010. Web. 1 Feb 2011. & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //webct.yorku.ca/SCRIPT/2010_FA_FILM_W_1701__3_M_EN_A_INTR_01/scripts/serve_home & gt ; . Mira, Nair, Dir. Monsoon Wedding. 2001, Film. O'Donnell, Damien, Dir. East Is East. 1999, Film.

Analyzing the Psychological Effects of Epilepsy

Analyzing the Psychological Effects of Epilepsy   Julie LaMon Epilepsy is a chronic seizure disorder. The hallmark of Epilepsy is recurrent, unprovoked seizures. In the United States alone, there are around 100,000 new cases of Epilepsy every year (Sirven and Shafer). Epilepsy affects more individuals than cerebral palsy, cancer, tuberculosis, muscular dystrophy and multiple sclerosis combined (Fletcher). Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes (Rathus). Epilepsy is related to psychology because it has the ability to cause stress and anxiety, to effect the way epileptics interact with other people, and lastly it has the ability to effect moods and could ultimately lead to psychological disorders. Epilepsy can occur in both children and adults, and cause seizures that can be life threatening or even appear as just a blank stare. Seizures occur when electrical signals are abnormally transmitted; these signals then alter typical brain functions (The Johns Hopkins University). Generally, anything t hat disrupts the function of the brain, or the normal pattern of neuron activity, can lead to possible seizures or brain damage (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke). Scientists today are still trying to find answers to what cause some cases of epilepsy. The main reasoning for why epilepsy occurs, lie under the thoughts that  patients with epilepsy have abnormal brain wiring. While the indicators of a seizure may affect the body, the electrical currents that yield the symptoms happen in the brain (Sirven and Shafer). They also have discovered that an active variable in epilepsy is the imbalance of neurotransmitters, nerve signaling chemicals. The imbalance of neurotransmitters changes important features of brain cells, or channels (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke). In an interview with Julianna Macgregor, who was diagnosed with epilepsy in 2014, she answered questions about what provokes seizures. Although not all cases are the same, s he notices an increase in seizures when she is under stress. Research has shown that â€Å"90% of seizures are caused by stress† (Fletcher). Certain situations like arguments, heavy workloads, time deadlines, fears, and fevers make her and others more prone to seizures. She notices more seizure activity when she is not on a consistent sleep schedule. Macgregor also stated that her doctors stated her case was â€Å"not textbook,† so they are still determining a benign treatment. Seizure activity was found in her right frontal lobe and both temporal lobes. Recently there has been activity in her left frontal lobe as well. In the right frontal lobe, she experiences bursts which move to the motor cortex and cause her arm to twitch, which are known as myoclonic seizures (Macgregor). Psychologically, epilepsy has effected Julianna Macgregor. Once diagnosed she became stressed realizing the fear that she most likely will have this disorder for the rest of her life. She also i s constantly apprehensive of the switching of treatment and medication, because none of them are effective. Macgregor admitted to losing hope last year. Lastly, she admitted her struggle in accepting that she cannot do things that everyone else can do. Due to her epilepsy, she will not be able to get her license unless she goes one-year seizure free. Macgregor shared that she was depressed for a while and had to attend therapy (Macgregor). Julianna Macgregor explained that she currently takes 92 pills a week in attempt to control her seizures and is lucky to get through 2 days without any type of seizure. Her doctors continue to search for a beneficial treatment for her, but for now, medication and diets are not effective. In June of 2016, she was set to receive brain surgery, but the doctors concluded it was much too dangerous. Since Macgregor has apparent seizure activity throughout most of her brain, the risks were higher that surgery would only provoke more seizure activity in o ther sections of her brain (Macgregor). The different types of seizures are determined by which part of the brain is effected by the electrical misfiring. There are many types of seizures, but they can be divided into two major classifications: generalized and partial. Partial or frontal seizures occur when one or more areas are effected. People experiencing this type of seizure usually experience some type of warning signal (The Johns Hopkins University). Simple focal seizures may manifest in different forms, depending on what part of the brain is affected. Seizures are usually limited to certain muscle groups. The individual is not conscious during simple focus seizures (The Johns Hopkins University). Complex focal seizures usually occur in the temporal lobe. This part of the brain controls memory and emotions (Rathus). During these seizures, the person loses consciousness, but they might appear awake. They may also display uncontrolled behaviors such as laughing, crying, or s creaming. After the seizure ends, the person often complains of exhaustion or fatigue (The Johns Hopkins University). The four types of generalized seizures are petit mal, atonic, myoclonic, and generalized tonic-clonic, or grand-mal. Petit mal seizures last less than thirty seconds. Patients will appear awake but will blink/twitch. These patients are in a completely different state of consciousness (The Johns Hopkins University). Atonic seizures generally occur when a person experiences total muscle loss and becomes flaccid and unresponsive. Myoclonic seizures are when the person experiences quick and erratic muscle movement. Myoclonic Seizures usually occur several times within a 24 hour time period (The Johns Hopkins University). A generalized tonic-clonic seizure, or grand-mal seizure presents itself in five phases. Although not present in all seizures, a person experiences contraction of muscle, extension of muscle, tremors, contractions, and relax stages. After the seizure, the person might exhibit extreme exhaustion or may experience headaches, muscle aches, blurred vision, or diminished hearing (The Johns Hopkins University). After someone experiences a seizure, for the first time, they are taken to the hospital for precautionary reasons. Doctors are not able to consider patients for epilepsy, or diagnose patients with epilepsy until they experience a second seizure. In order to research seizures and to determine the source, potential patients go through multiple tests. Some of the tests include EEGs, MRIs, blood tests, and CAT scans. EEGs or Electroencephalograms are used to gather data about the brain a well as the patterns of brain waves. MRI, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, is a procedure that uses large magnets, radiofrequencies, and a computer to produce thorough images of structures within the body. CAT Scan, Computerized Axial Tomography, is used to check and detect abnormalities, such as brain tumors (Fletcher). Continuing research is concentr ated on developing new treatments. In biological studies, theorists believe that genes may influence or cause epilepsy. This may allow doctors to prevent epilepsy, or figure out the most beneficial treatments for their patients. Scientists also continue to study neurotransmitters, and how neurotransmitters interact with brain cells to control nerve firing and how non-neuronal cells in the brain contribute to seizures (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke). The psychological consequences related to a person with epilepsy is traumatic. People who suffer from epilepsy generally suffer from low self-esteem. Other emotional issues include anxiety, denial, depression, and anger. Epilepsy is not prevalent in individuals until a seizure occurs, therefore it is easy to hide it from others. Epilepsy effects families, schools, and employment. Generally, there are more cases of learning disabilities that occur because of medication prescribed or memory loss due to seizures. A person with epilepsy needs a strong support system involving the family, doctors, friends, and support groups within the community (The Johns Hopkins University). References   Fletcher, Sally. The Challenges of Epilepsy: Take Control of Your Seizures and Your Life- Third Edition . San Rafael, Ca: Aura Publishing Company, 2004. Macgregor, Julianna. What Are Certain Causes For Seizures? Julie LaMon. 29 November 2016. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. NINDS Epilepsy Information Page . 1 February 2016. 3 December 2016. Rathus, Spencer A. â€Å"Psychology: Principles in Practice.† Austin: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2003. 4. Textbook. Sirven, Joseph I. and Patricia O. Shafer. What Is Epilepsy? January 2014. 30 November 2016. The Johns Hopkins University, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, and Johns Hopkins Health System. Epilepsy and Seizures . n.d. 30 November 2016.

Rachel Carson's Silent Spring Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rachel Carson's Silent Spring - Essay Example In an ‘Introduction’ to the work, Linda Lear wrote: â€Å"Carson’s writing initiated a transformation in the relationship between humans and the natural world and stirred an awakening of public environmental consciousness†¦ Carson’s thesis that we were subjecting ourselves to slow poisoning by the misuse of chemical pesticides that polluted the environment†¦contained the kernel of social revolution.† (Lear, x) Therefore, it is essential to recognize that Carson, as one of the greatest nature writers in the modern world, inspired and motivated a generation of environmental activists. This paper makes a reflective exploration of how Silent Spring fits into the larger story of conservation and environmentalism in America and how it changed public opinion about pesticide use and environmentalism in general. In a profound investigation of the major arguments of Rachel Carson in Silent Spring, it becomes evident that the author is mainly concerne d about a revolution in the relationship between humans and the natural world. Significantly, the author emphasizes the thesis that uncontrolled and unexamined use of pesticides ultimately harms the nature by killing animals, birds, and, more perilously, human beings.

Marketing management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Marketing management - Essay Example According to a survey carried out by IBIS world, the profit margins of the industry will reduce by 1.5% over the next 5 years due to mounting competition among the providers. However, this has also led to the falling price of the phones. The company projects that UK mobile phone industry is expected to reach $3 Billion by the end of 2014. Furthermore, the development of new technologies such as, 4G services, the development of smart phones and the new applications, is also driving the industry (Adler, 2010). The UK mobile phone industry is characterised by high rates of market concentration and competition. Some of the key players of the industry are Vodafone, T-mobile, Virgin and O2 among others (Cohen, 2004). The industry will be analysed with the help of Porter’s five forces analysis and on the basis of that, a SWOT report will be prepared. The industry analysis is presented below: - Factor Analysis Resultant Bargaining Power of Buyers The bargaining power of buyers refers to the ability of the buyers to bargain and reduce the price. Reports have shown that the industry is growing at a robust rate and one of the reasons for this colossal growth is the enthusiasm among the buyers. However, due to the presence of a number of providers in the market, the buyers have the tendency to explore the other. This reduces the brand loyalty rate among the consumers. High Bargaining Power of Suppliers The bargaining power of suppliers refers to the ability of the suppliers to bargain and increase the manufacturing cost of the firm (Ferrell, 2006). The suppliers of raw materials for the mobile phone industry in UK is adequate in number and in most of the cases, these companies enter into a treaty with the suppliers which reduces their power to a great extent. Some of the key suppliers are Huawei and ZTE. Moderate Threat of New Entrant The threat of new entrant refers to the threat of a new player entering the industry, thereby increasing the level of competition. To start a telecom business in UK, one needs to go through a series of legal acts and moreover, acquiring spectrum rights is an apprehensive issue. Setting up of a telecom business also requires huge start up cost which often acts as a hindrance. Low Threat of Substitute The threat of substitutes refers to the extent to which substitute products can increase the competition within the industry and act as a potential threat to the firm. The substitutes of a mobile phone are tablets, land phones, palmtops and also, mini laptops to a certain extent, as it serves the core function of facilitating communication. These products are available throughout the country and in almost every outlet. However, due to the portable nature, mobile phone has its own set of customers. Moderate Threat of Competitors The threat of competitors is the level of competition within the industry. In the context of the mobile phone industry of UK, the industry is fiercely competitive due to the presence of a numbe r of players. Some of the established players of this industry are Vodafone, T-mobile, Virgin and O2, among others. High On the basis of the outcome of the industry analysis, following is the set of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for Blackberry in UK market. The same is illustrated below in SWOT analysis framework. Furthermore, the subsequent section will also prioritise the opportunities by considering certain

Professional Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Professional Portfolio - Essay Example Teaching nursing students involves teaching adults with grown minds hence confidence as a teacher gives student confidence. Good students enter into a learning process with the willingness and commitment to scoop what the teacher is offering them. Equally, good teachers provide an environment that is full of understanding, positive attitude as well as a demonstration of strong emotional feelings. They set goals and deadlines. They have social skills as role models, strong emotional feelings that enable them to deal with difficult students. I am a dedicated nursing educator; I know that nursing is a sturdy job. This means that there must be infinite dedication on the side of the practitioners into changing the world. This great trait helps me to inspire students by demonstrating to them that, even with the many years in the profession the educator has not lost his spark hence dedication is more important than basic skills. As a teacher, I incorporate my ‘student life’ in my profession. When I was a student, I learnt how to be patient and cooperative through the emphasis of my tutor. He would say that these traits were applicable during the nursing practice. The first incident that portrayed this involved an encounter with fire accident victims who required attention. With patience and cooperation with colleagues, I was able to defeat the fear and this has helped me through out my career. This gives student hope and a clear understanding of what to expect ahead. As a mentor, I ensure that I focus on helping students to overcome the challenges that are found in the nursing profession to becoming successful nurses. These challenges include anxiety, discouragement, fear and failure by exhibiting patience to my self and the students especially during classes, to enable them apply that in their later life as nurses. A good example is relaxing by taking a deep breath when answering questions from students as well as discussions among other

Characteristic Development in Primary Education Research Paper

Characteristic Development in Primary Education - Research Paper Example Suggestions aim towards complete personality development of the child and the role that teacher training and parental observation plays in making these new approaches a success. Children are the main assets of the country and when the community is sure of educating its children right, it can be sure of a secure future. There is no doubt that although the position of child education is at topmost priority in our country, the quality of education needs to be optimized for best developmental growth. Characteristic development is a major field in children’s education today. It deals entirely with the chances of a child being able to recognize, nurture and flourish in characteristics which come naturally to him or her. While parents and teachers (Burchinal et al, 2008, p.141) play a major role in identifying these characteristics, it is the main responsibility of the education system to create opportunities for the growth and development of characteristic in students right from their early ages. The main aim of the present study is to highlight the various aspects of characteristic development in school curriculum and approach and also develop suitable propositions that will bring in new dimensions to existing characteristic development protocols in primary education. The study is based on literature review found in the past ten years and correlating the findings with the present scenario and probable requirements that may come up in the future. Whether it is related to child centered play or developmentally appropriate practice, the approaches in characteristic development will have to be re-evaluated to create the right combination for children of today’s world. Findings in sub-fields of child centered play have shown a definite growth in certain tracks over the past couple of years. Several educationists agree that focusing on child centered play is good for the community as it

Company Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Company Research - Essay Example These programs work fairly well. An important aspect and thread that runs through all of them, however, is management culture. How successful a human resources department is is often a reflection of the management culture towards employees. In this overview all of these things will be discussed. Microsoft uses a number of different methods to hire employees from both outside and inside the company. Advertisements are placed on websites and local media and some are displayed through a company intranet. One of the best things about their policy is that they try to hire from within the company. That means that employees are familiar with the operations and the culture. However, generally speaking, if a company becomes too reliant on this method of hiring they will find that they rarely have new blood or ideas. It is important not to over-prioritize internal hiring as it can lead to redundant thinking and tiredness. Microsoft’s training program is substantial. One of the best things about it is the 60-day buddy period which allows new employees to be supervised and gently acculturated to the company. However, 60 days is a long time to have a buddy and surely that â€Å"buddy’s† productivity will be reduced if he spends all his time with the new employee. If too many employees are hired at once, too many buddies will be spending all their time training. It’s important to keep this in mind. A thread that runs through all these aspects of Microsoft’s human resource management is a culture of respect for the employees. Management is a complex art. It involves a lot of angles relating to competition, performance and commitment. It also has a lot to do with competition. Microsoft is hardly the only software company in town and they must constantly be monitoring their competition to see how they are performing. Their prices and services change depending on the successes and failures of the competition. Training and recruitment practices change depending on how

Rock and Roll History Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rock and Roll History - Assignment Example The giant electronic screen behind the stage showed the various band members and the other guest artists from time to time, focusing on one individual at a time. There were times also when the said electronic screen showed some fancy cartoons or caricatures of people. B Description of the Performance – the band was quite remarkable because the band members played all their songs all the way back to their start as a band. In other words, the mixture of the songs was eclectic and there was hardly any misstep in their performance. Band members memorized all their songs, even the old ones, and Linkin Park did not limit itself to purely rock and roll songs or the usual rap metal songs in their albums. For fans of this band, their performance was considered one of the best so far but on the other hand, those who hate the sound of rap may find their music too hard on their ears. All the thumping and the shouting at times may sound like irritating noise instead of soothing music to unfamiliar ears. The sheer volume of the sound system made the song lyrics inaudible most of the time although many of the fans are already familiar with these songs. On the whole, it was an awesome performance. Instrumentation was good while the articulation of the sou nd at high volume was excellent. C Description of the Artists/Band (musical genre) –the songs of Linkin Park are associated with rap metal music and also with nu metal (or alternatively termed as new metal, neo-metal, or aggro-metal) which is a type of music that is heavy on metal combined with hip-hop music and hardcore punk with additional mixtures from grounge music (characterized by growling vocals and sounds from distorted electric guitars) using apathetic, ennui, or angst-filled lyrics. The sub-genre of music from the Linkin Park band is somewhat a cross or blend between two styles of music which are hip-hop and

Investigating electric potential Essay Example for Free

Investigating electric potential Essay A graph of V against 1/d gives a straight line with positive slope from x=0. 05m. It shows that the electric potential measured by the probe is inversely proportional to the distance of the probe from the surface of the sphere. Discussion:   A voltmeter or a CRO cannot be used to measure the electric potential at a point in the air because both instruments draw a small current to produce a deflection and this will disturb the electric field.   With no flame, the probe may acquire an induced charge and thus affect the field around it, altering the potential at the needle. Therefore, a flame probe is used. It produces positive and negative ions which discharge the needle so that the needle becomes uncharged due to neutralization. Since the needle is now neutralized, its potential is the same as the original potential. Sources of error: When measuring the distance of the probe from the centre of the sphere, a piece of string with a mass attached was dropped from the sphere for locating the zero mark of the meter ruler. This may not be accurate as the sting may not be vertically below the centre of the sphere   Precautions: 1. The wire which connects the needle and the electroscope cannot touch the bench or any other earthed conductor. This is to prevent charge leakage. 2. The charged sphere must be well away from the walls and the bench top as the induced charges on these objects will upset electric field. Conclusion:   Between two parallel plates: the electric potential remains constant at constant distance from the metal plates the electric potential is proportionally to the distance from the earthed plates   Around a charged sphere: the electric potential remains constant at constant distance from the centre of sphere the electric potential is inversely proportionally to the distance from the surface of sphere

Video Game Addiction Effects

Video Game Addiction Effects Technology is one of the major assets in todays world. Some human being living in this world surely uses technology in their everyday living. However, there are some disadvantages that lead to Video game addiction. First, excessive use of computer there are some instances that they dont want themselves to be involve in other social activities. Second is the demand for violence that it may arise because of an innate boy desire to witness violence, males are looking for strong role models, whom they find in these shows and games. They may isolate themselves in the way that they dont want to focus almost entirely in-game achievements rather than broader life events. The first possible cause is that in the hypothetical world created by such games, gamers become confident and gain satisfaction which they cannot get in the real world. Second, many video games satisfy the basic psychological needs like rewards, freedom and connection with other players and lastly, video games are becoming i ncreasingly complex, detailed and compelling to a growing international audience of players. There are lots of effects of video gaming upon children, the physical, emotional and in behavior. Some gamer dont care if they dont eat just to play, some are being aggressive due to the violent game and Compulsive behaviors are rooted in need to reduce tensions caused by inner feelings a person wants to avoid or control. Video Game Addiction Technology is one of the major assets in todays world. Some human being living in this world surely uses technology in their everyday living. Nowadays, technology does have many uses and advantages yet one cannot deny, it also has some disadvantages and one of this is video game addiction. Cause and effects of the video game addiction recommends some solutions Video Game Addiction is excessive or compulsive use of computer or video games that interferes with our daily life. Instances have been reported in which users play compulsively, isolating themselves from other forms of social contacts and focusing almost entirely in-game achievements rather than broader life events. (Retrieved June 25, 2007,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/video_game_addiction), and Studies have indicated that males play video games more frequently than females. Television program producers and video game manufacturers may produce violent shows and games for this audience. This demand for violence may not arise be cause of an innate male desire to witness violence, but because males are looking for strong role models, which they find in these shows and games (Clark, 1993).The video game industry has existed for decades and it has begun with William Higginbothams tennis for two oscilloscope, which has been debuted in 1958. Video gaming is worldwide phenomenon that has been developed into a multi-billion dollar industry. The three largest markets for video games are the United States, Japan and the United Kingdom. Other significant markets are Australia, Canada, Spain, Germany, South Korea, Mexico, France and Italy. India and China are considered as emerging markets in the Video Game industry.   There are some possible causes that are related to this addiction. The first possible cause is that in the hypothetical world created by such games, gamers become confident and gain satisfaction which they cannot get in the real world. Second, many video games satisfy the basic psychological needs like rewards, freedom and connection with other players and lastly, video games are becoming increasingly complex, detailed and compelling to a growing international audience of players. And since the problem is a relatively new phenomenon, the exact cause of game addiction is unknown. However, this addiction appears to be most common among younger male players. It may also have a cultural component. In South Korea, video games were recently blamed for the deaths of four young men. One died after playing Star craft for 50 hours with few breaks. A four-month old baby also died after her parents left her unattended to play World of War craft. (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/4137782.stm ) There are also some negative effects. First is that it displaces physical activity and the time spent upon studies, with friends and even with family. Psychiatrists are concerned about the wellbeing of children who spend much of their time with video games that they may not develop friendships, get some outdoor exercise or suffer in their schoolwork. For sure that a child who spends most of his time playing video games may be prone to violence and may be at risk for behavioral and other health problems. Second is an increase in physical, emotional and behavioral disorder. Among mental health professionals, there are those who maintain that in playing video games, certain children can develop a sense of proficiency which they might not otherwise achieve. However, other authorities speculate that performing violent actions in video games may be more conducive to childrens aggression than passively watching violent acts on television. According to this view, the more children practice v iolence acts, the more likely they are to perform violent acts (Clark, 1993). Some educational professionals, while allowing that video games permit children to engage in a somewhat creative dialogue, maintain that this engagement is highly constrained compared to other activities, such as creative writing (Provenzo, 1992) A problem shared by those who rate violence in television and video games is that the definition of violence is necessarily subjective. Given this subjectivity, raters have attempted to assess antisocial violence more accurately by ranking violent acts according to severity, noting the context in which violent acts occur, and considering the overall message as pro- or anti- violence. However, the factor of context is typically missing in video games. There are no grey areas in the behavior of game characters, and players are rarely required to reflect or make contextual judgments (Provenzo, 1992).Among mental health professionals, there are those who maintain that in playing video games, certain children can develop a sense of proficiency which they might not otherwise achieve. Ratings of video game violence have developed as an extension of ratings of television violence. Among those organizations that have attempted to rate television violence, the National Coalition on Television Violence (NCTV) has also developed a system to rate the violent content of video games. The NCTV system contains ratings that range from XUnfit and XV (highly violent) to PG and G ratings. Between summer and Christmas of 1989, NCTV surveyed 176 Nintendo video games. Among the games surveyed, 11.4% received the XUnfit rating. Another 44.3% and 15.3% received the other violent ratings of XV and RV, respectively. A total of 20% of games received a PG or G rating (NCTV, 1990).Some educational professionals, while allowing that video games permit children to engage in a somewhat creative dialogue, maintain that this engagement is highly constrained compared to other a ctivities, such as creative writing (Provenzo, 1992) Excessive use of video games may have some or all of the symptoms of drug addiction or other proposed psychological addictions. Some players become more concerned with their interactions in the game than in their broader lives. Players may play many hours per day, gain or lose significant weight due to playing, disrupt sleep patterns to play and suffer sleep deprivation as an effect, play at work, avoid phone calls from friends and/or lie about play time. Relationships with family and friends and performance at work or school may suffer (Tanner, 2007). In the world of video game addiction theres an increasing evidence that people of all ages, especially teens and pre-teens, are facing very real, sometimes severe consequences associated with the excessive use of video games .Most adolescents like to spend their free time playing video games. But for some who starts out as innocent recreation can lead to addiction. Soon, friends, family, schools, and eve personal hygiene are neglected as nearly every spare moment is spent playing the game. When I first saw the game of my best friends I asked them curiously How to play that kind of game? because I dont really know how to play Depends of the Ancients commonly called DOTA I was a third year student when I had been influence by my best friends to play such game, since the day Ive watched them play, I was tempted to play too, it just looks like interesting and funà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦At first its really hard for me to learn that game, first of all we dont have computer at home. But, I learned f rom my companion because, in every time they play, I play too, even Im not as good as them. Since then I always play without realizing that Im playing too much, wasting time just playing. But Im not that kind of addict that can neglect their friends, family school and especially personal hygiene. I just play when I have nothing to do and I can even manage my time regularly. Even now, I just play whenever I have nothing to do such as schoolworks. It just happen before because when you are playing, you just can forget the things that you need to do first before playing and the feeling, its really different when youre playing the excitement, eagerness to win etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦According to Websters Dictionary, an addictive behavior allows a person to become dependent or compulsively obsessed with anything. Compulsive behaviors are rooted in need to reduce tensions caused by inner feelings a person wants to avoid or control. This fantasy world allows endless opportunities to the gam er to keep feeding their addiction, said Schaperow. It is not the game that is the problem; it is other problems in their lives that they cannot control. The game allows the person to escape from reality and take control of the fantasy world. Treatment for the disorder varies, however most therapists and professionals agree that the root of the problem is to find the progressive reasoning in the mind and create a solution. It involves recognizing unhelpful or destructive patterns of thinking and reacting, said Schaperow, then modifying or replacing these with more realistic or helpful.Scahperow said the video game addict should first recognize their problem, then they can replace the negative feelings that steer them toward the video games and progressively escape into a more positive reality. Schaperow gave the example of a person who has a negative outlook on their job and feels that they cannot ever perform at a high level. If that person instead, thinks it is possible, their con fidence will be restored to a higher level, allowing that person to see life different, and ultimately not need to escape to a reality world. (http://www.theparentreport.com/resources/ages/preteen/kids_culture/130.html) There are certain solutions regarding video game addiction. First, limit the time spent online. With unlimited access to the internet 24 hours a day, stopping an addiction is nearly impossible. Take the computer out of their rooms. Move the computer shared room so that you can see how much time they are spending online and much better to monitor their habits.

Death Penalty Essay -- essays research papers fc

I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After spending ten long years on death row, he is escorted today by the warden down the dimly lit white hallway to the room in which judgement day will finally arrive. As he moves closer, he begins to regret having led a violent life of crime and murder that had caused him to be sentenced to death so long ago. The door finally opens, and there he stands face to face with â€Å"old sparky†, a.k.a. the electric chair. He is strapped in and a leather helmet containing a wet sponge is placed over his head along with a brass liner that functions as an entry electrode through which nearly 2500 volts of electricity will pass. The exit electrode- a band of brass also with a soaked sponge- is attached to the prisoner’s shaved calf. As a final preparation, a leather hood is placed over his face.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The switch is then pulled and 2,350 volts strike though the inmate’s body for eight seconds, followed by 22 seconds of one thousand volts. The cycle is repeated immediately. This high-voltage electrocution raises the temperature of his brain to 140 degrees Fahrenheit, and fries his internal organs (Freedberg 2).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The passage above describes a typical criminal execution by the electric chair, one of the various methods of capital punishment, otherwise known as the death penalty. The sentence of death has long been an accepted form of justice, yet today, capital punishment has remained a hotly debated issue. Some believe this punishment to be cruel and unusual and therefore violating the United States Constitution, while in reality the death penalty is fair and just punishment for murder and other extremely violent crimes. With these clashing viewpoints, there are also differences in the policies of various states, with some states supporting the death penalty, and others not. This serves as an injustice because murderers convicted in states such as Texas or Florida, which support the death penalty, will truly be brought to justice, while murderers in states such as North Dakota or Wisconsin will not (Staletovich 5-6). It is with this reasoning that the death penalty should undoubtedly be implemented in all fifty United States and the District of Columbia. II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the United States today, capital punishment is an integral part of the criminal justice system, and has... ...red of paying for their care. In addition, the cost of executing versus jailing a prisoner for life cannot be measured exclusively in dollars. Capital punishment has moral value for society and emotional value for families of victims- both unquantifiable (Smith 11). VI.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The death penalty, as you can see, should not be viewed as an act of killing people who kill people just to show that killing people is wrong, but as an act of safeguarding our society from potential or previous murderers and delivering justice to those who kill. Works Cited Barry, John. Is the Death Penalty Cruel and Unusual? 4 Dec. 2000 Brown, David L. The Bible’s Teaching on Capital Punishment. 5 Dec. 2000 Freedberg, Sydney. â€Å"Bloody Execution Leads to Stay for 2nd Inmate.† St. Petersburg Times. 9 Jul. 1999, Newsbank. CD-ROM. Smith, Sharon C. Capital Punishment in the United States. 6 Dec. 2000 Staletovich, Jenny. â€Å"The Electric Chair Power Struggle.† Palm Beach Post. 2 Jan. 2000, SIRS Researcher. CD-ROM. Winter 2000.

Five Bells: The Performance of Memory Essay -- Five Bells Australia

'Five Bells': The Performance of Memory If we are to be led by the debate recently staged in Critical Inquiry, either Australian multiculturalism is crucially ‘about’ justice, in some sense, or Australian justice is equally crucially ‘about’ multiculturalism. As most of us seem to be aware, multicultural discourse on justice suffers from at least two key paradoxes. First, the desire to respect the absolute alterity of the other, and the simultaneous desire for coexistence, for an equality implying the substitutability of subjects. In Specters of Marx, Derrida describes this aspect of justice as "the infinite promise of democracy," which, he says, is "always untenable ... for the reason that it calls for the infinite respect of the singularity and infinite alterity of the other as much as for the respect of the countable, calculable, subjectal equality between anonymous singularities" (65).1 The second paradox, which may or may not be in fact another version of the first one, is to do with the appa rently necessary equivalence of difference, the substitutability of different differences into various formulae: as Frow and Morris summarize Povinelli’s argument, "the unhappy paradox of difference theories posited as an alternative to the politics of identity [is] that they come to rely on the self-identity of the different" (626). I do not pretend to have any sort of solution to these paradoxes: in fact, to look for a solution, in that sense, is probably the wrong move to make. I want to start by distinguishing between two aspects of justice which tend to get conflated: the synchronic element of justice, which seems to be most commonly implicated in the various discourses on justice, and the diachronic element. It seems to me t... ...rne: Lansdowne P. 1963. Jameson, Fredric. "Marx’s Purloined Letter." New Left Review. No. 209 (Jan/Feb 1995): 75-109. Povinelli, Elizabeth. "The Cunning of Recognition: A Reply to John Frow and Meaghan Morris." Critical Inquiry. 25 (Spring 1999): 631-37. -----. "The State of Shame: Australian Multiculturalism and the Crisis of Indigenous Citizenship." Critical Inquiry. 24 (Winter 1998): 575-610. Roach, Joseph. Cities of the Dead: Circum-Atlantic Performance. New York: Columbia UP. 1996. Slessor, Kenneth. "Five Bells." Collected poems. Ed. Dennis Haskell and Geoffrey Dutton. Pymble, N.S.W.: Angus & Robertson, 1994. Smith, Graeme Kinross. "Kenneth Slessor" Westerly: A Quarterly Review. No. 2 (1978): 51-59. Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. A Critique of Postcolonial Reason: Toward a History of the Vanishing Present. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP. 1999.

Flattery in Pride and Prejudice Essay example -- Pride and Prejudice

Flattery in Pride and Prejudice Since its composition in 1797, Jane Austin's Pride and Prejudice has enjoyed two centuries of literary esteem not because of its witty dialogue or its tantalizing plot, but because of its universal themes that allow modern readers to identify with early Victorian life. Although the novel focuses on the etiquette of courtship, related social rituals are also prevalent throughout the story. William Collins, a rector in Pride and Prejudice, uses excessive flattery to persuade people to look upon him favorably. He even lavishly praises himself to enhance his self-esteem. While the sycophant's peculiar behavior is comical at first glance, its emphasis in the story portends a greater social meaning that is illuminated upon evaluation of his flattery with relevance to the plot. In Pride and Prejudice, Austin suggests through Collins' mannerisms that one flatters others to enlist their future support and one flatters oneself to ensure individual prosperity. Pertaining to others, Austin endows Collins with a motive of personal gain and later removes that objective, establishing a strong correlation between flattery and selfish advantage. As the legal heir to the Bennet family's estate once its patriarch dies, Collins offers unwarranted praise along with his hand in marriage to one of the daughters. Apart from flattering the family to marry one of its girls, his profuse compliments also extend to his wealthy benefactress and also, of course, to himself. However, Collins' compliments toward the family end after he fails to marry on... ...lattery may have academic influence, she allows Collins to smother praise on anything that might prove advantageous to his affluence, from which one may surmise that flattery contributes to personal prosperity in any form. This truth becomes readily apparent upon contrasting Collins' behavior in situations wherein he may or may not have something to gain through flattery. Of course, this mundane reiteration about flattery must be particularly monotonous to a reader who has already demonstrated a profound grasp of literature by deftly maneuvering through and deliberating upon mistakes previous to this point, so it is for that intelligent and sophisticated reader that this paper ends abruptly. Work Cited Austin, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. Norwalk: The Easton Press, 1997.

Bluefield health plan Essay

Arc Electric employees were opting for their health insurance plan. Arc Electric had expanded their workforce due to which more employees were enrolling for Bluefield’s health insurance plan for the benefits. But when Bluefield released that the utilization of their physician services had tremendously increased in the last 6 months because of which their profits were being affected, they had to find out the cause for this. Soon they realized that the main cause for the increase in the utilization of their physician services was the increase in the number of new employees who were opting for the health insurance plan. Exhibit 1 clearly shows that the number of Arc Electric employees using Bluefield’s Health insurance plan has increased from 3912 in July, 2006 to 4137 in August, 2006. Thus, in only one month the increase has been of 225 people, which is comparatively quite high. Also, in 2006, the total cost incurred by Arc Electric for inpatient and outpatient hospital services were 203425 and 182440 in July and 212250 and 180700 in August, and for surgical services were 101250 and 103400 in July and August. Thus, the total cost incurred for hospital services and surgical services were 487115 and 496350 in July and August. While on the other hand the total cost incurred by Arc Electric for visits to physician’s office was only 337900 and 391450 in July and August. Therefore we can see that the difference is almost of 147215 and 104900 in July and August. As Bluefield’s contract with Arc Electric was about to expire the next month, they had to renegotiate the terms in their contract with Arc Electric and request for an increase in their premium rate in order to maintain their profit. They had realized that the main reason for their erosion of profits was the increasing number of Arc Electric employees who had opted for their health insurance plan. But, Bluefield were also aware of the fact that during renegotiations if they tried to increase the fixed premium which they charged every employee of Arc Electric per month, then they may refuse to do anymore business with them and sign a contract with some other health insurance company. This, Bluefield was not ready to risk. Thus, Bluefield wanted the staff members and directors to devise a renegotiating strategy which they could present before Arc Electric and maintain their contract with them while at the same time see to it that their profitability remains at par. After much consideration and results from various studies, including Exhibit 1, the employees of Bluefield realized that simply by increasing their copayment charges they will not be able to bring about a decrease in the number of physician visits since people do not actually like to visit the physicians but rather do it in order to remain healthy and fit. The only way they can reduce their costs is by paying less to their health care providers, like the physicians. Thus, they first needed to negotiate with the physicians and ask them to decrease the costs of services supplied by them. If they simply asked the physicians to lower their cost of service by around 10% or 25% they might do it with the fear that they may loose all of their patients and also be left out of Bluefield’s health insurance plan. But this may have certain negative effects as in return of a lower fee per visit the physicians may also lessen the quality of care that they give to their clients. This is the reason why Bluefield required a further analysis of physicians visit. Out of the $250 fixed premium that Bluefield charged each employee of Arc Electric every month, the total premium revenue was portioned out as 55% for the hospital and surgical services and 30% for the physician visits. Thus while $137. 5 went for the hospital and surgical services only $75 went in for the physician visits. Thus for every premium collected, the profitability of hospital and surgical services was almost $62. 5 more than the profitability of the physician services. Thus, when compared to physician’s services, hospital and surgical services have a profitability of almost 45% more than the former.

African Americans in the Reconstruction Era Essay

The Reconstruction era was put into effect by Congress in 1866 and lasted until 1877. Reconstruction was aimed at reorganizing the Southern states after the Civil War. The reconstruction plan granted the means for readmitting the southern states into the Union, and tried to come up with the methods by which whites and blacks could live together in a non-slave society. America’s position as a country was established on principles of freedom but those beliefs were weakened by slavery. At the end of the Civil War, many blacks felt that they were entitled to start collecting the benefits that had been denied for so many years. Being able to vote, own land and have a voice in political affairs were all goals that they believed were reachable. The white, however, saw reconstruction as an embarrassing, revengeful annoyance and did not welcome it. Reconstruction was meant to give the blacks a chance for a new and better life. Many of the African Americans stayed with their old masters after being freed, while others left in search of opportunities through education and land ownership. The Southern white conservatives did not want blacks to own property, have political power, or have the right to vote in elections. In addition, the whites strongly believed that they were superior, and they worked hard to make sure legal limitations were in place to prevent the blacks from gaining any type of equality or power. President Johnson’s reconstruction plan included the black codes, which stated that the African-Americans were required to have a curfew and carry identification on their persons at all time. These regulations also bound the ‘freedmen’ to their plantations. The freed slaves merely wanted the opportunity to continue the family-based shared work methods contrary to having to accept the individual piecework structure. Former slaves wanted to be able to continue to live on the land their ancestors had farmed. African american’s lives were improved in many ways during the era of Reconstruction; one way their lives were enhanced was the establishment of the Freedmen’s Bureau. The Freedmen’s Bureau was an organization developed by Congress that assisted African-Americans to acquire an education and provided necessities of life such as food and clothing. It was important for African-Americans to become educated, because it would prevent them from being dominated by white supremacists and helped them obtain well-suited jobs. During the years after the war, white teachers who were mostly from the North, missionary organizations, churches and schools worked hard to give the emancipated population the opportunity to learn. Former slaves of every age took advantage of the opportunity to become literate. Grandfathers and their grandchildren sat together in classrooms seeking to obtain the tools of k to gain their freedom. During Reconstruction, blacks were often seen not heard. It was usually the white man’s word over the black man’s word. Even if there was a crowd of people that saw what happened, unless they were black, the people sided with the white man. However, when the situation involved a white man getting hurt or killed for supporting the black community, that’s when the government stepped in to put an end to it thus leading to the Civil R A of 1875. Many regulations were passed to help blacks during this period. The Civil Rights Act of 1875 prohibited segregation in public facilities and various government amendments, which gave African-Americans even more guaranteed rights. With government guidelines, the newly dubbed freedmen were still discriminated against by most people and were soon to be segregated once again under government decisions. The Reconstruction, although short-lived, showed the first real attempts of inclusive freedom for African-Americans. Gains were taking place, for instance, in citizenship, voting, education and politics. Consequently, the failure of Johnson’s reconstruction caused the Congress to propose its own plan, the 14th Amendment. The Amendment was designed to prohibit state governments from restricting the rights of former slaves after the Civil War. However, it had been used to grant all the personal liberties and rights conveyed in the Bill of Rights. Among other things, this prohibited ex-Confederate leaders from holding political office, and also gave the freedmen their citizenship. The rejection of the 14th Amendment paved the way for the Reconstruction Act of 1867; this dismantled all Southern governments and launched military control over the South. The Reconstruction Act guaranteed freedmen the right to vote under new state constitutions and required the Southern states to approve the 14th A With the addition of African American votes in the southern elections and the help of â€Å"Carpet  Baggers† and â€Å"Scalawags,† the Republican Party gained almost complete control over the South. Throughout this time, the ranking of freedman was significantly increased, and by 1868; many state legislatures had African American delegates. All of America, as well as the South, had to be rebuilt, and, despite the South’s hostile resistance, African-Americans were slowly and gradually becoming part of this nation. The long-awaited citizenship for Blacks was confirmed in 1868, by the 14th Amendment to the Constitution. By 1870, the 15th Amendment had been added to the Constitution, which gave blacks the right to vote. The 15th Amendment forbids the states from denying the right to vote to any person on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Whites both wealthy and poverty-stricken were ruthlessly and completely against the emancipation. The poor people feared the competition in the labor force, and the rich encouraged an attitude to keeping a strong separation in the blacks and the whites. In the early years after the Reconstruction started, there was some violence towards blacks. As the years went on the violence increased, and Terrorist groups were formed. One such group known as the Ku Klux Klan better known as the KKK, surfaced to torment and commit violent acts against blacks and strong white Republicans. Because of the ratification of the 13th Amendment ending slavery in the south, the KKK emerged with a cause that has yet to be put to rest†¦the rise of white power. The KKK was formed mostly to restore slavery to America and to reinstate the Caucasian race as the most superior race in the world. A former Confederate general and Freemason, Nathan Bedford Forrest, founded the KKK in 1866 because Negroes were being allowed to enter the brotherhood of freemasonry. He held this office while he was simultaneously Sovereign Grand Commander of Scottish rite, Freemasons, and Southern Jurisdiction. Members of the KKK were very violent and used harsh actions to get their point across, but their actions were supported by their strong belief in their religion and the culture in which they were brought up in. The KKK did things based on what they believed according to their culture and how they were raised; Which, at that period of time made them extremists. Although slavery was abolished, racism was not. Because the government started recognizing African-Americans as more than just slaves, the KKK decided they would have to take matters into their own hands. They began their protest by lynching, taring and feathering, whipping, beating, and killing African-Americans in the south. Since Blacks had been given rights, the KKK felt it was their duty to prevent the former slaves from using them. Racist Groups such as the KKK operated mainly in the South; however, discrimination against the African Americans was also an issue of a smaller degree in northern cities. The KKK would destroy any black polling booth and shoot, intimidate, and kill any black person trying to vote; especially in Mississippi. KKK members went on â€Å"night rides. † On â€Å"night rides,† the KKK members dressed in white robes and went to houses belonging to empowered blacks and used threats toward family and loved ones to instill fear into their hearts has a means of control. The KKK would threaten these blacks with what would happen if they voted or took positions of power. At the end of the 19th century and the Reconstruction era, many of the whites used violent behavior to scare the African-Americans from white neighborhoods. The Whites organized protective associations, so homes in white neighborhoods could never be sold to a black man. This was also very noticeable in the makeup of many of the northern cities; these cities had well-known residential neighborhoods for African Americans. In conclusion, during this time, a country that was so well-known for its freedom, opposed in large the very definition of the word. After the Civil War, America saw a great many changes regarding civil rights and black suffrage. Many laws were passed to give African Americans more rights. Since the Reconstruction era, we as a country have come a long way. With the utilization of great leadership like Lincoln, education and recognizing our shared humanity, we could decrease the gap of equality.

Dont Text and Drive Essay

â€Å"Five seconds is the average time your eyes are off the road while texting. When traveling at 55mph, that’s enough time to cover the length of a football field.† (2009, VTTI). While texting and driving has always been an issue since people were able to text on phones, it has not gained much media attention until recently. People may have sent an occasional text while driving ten years ago, but because the keyboard was harder to use, people were not doing it as often. Today’s phones allow you to text with one hand, making it easier to text while driving. With that being said there have been more accidents related to texting and driving. Those that have been injured or almost injured in an accident may no longer text and drive, but the vast majority of people that have yet to injure themselves or others while doing this will continue to text and drive because they feel safe. There are many ads, commercials and even organizations that are against texting and driving but the number of people that have actually stopped texting while driving is at a bare minimum. â€Å"60% of drivers use cell phones while driving.† (2011, Harris Poll). It seems as if all the advertisements have not paid off like planned. The reason behind so many ads is to cut back on texting and driving and I believe the media helps get the idea of texting and driving into people’s heads. People will participate in this dangerous action to prove that they will not get hurt. Others will see this and think it is okay for them to text and drive as well. It is like a deadly chain reaction. The ads need to capture the attention of the audience and show how serious texting and driving really is. I believe this ad has a very powerful meaning. Obviously the main message is do not text and drive but it does have a deeper meaning. The car is driving through a neighborhood and a ball is rolling across the street. It is a typical day in just about everyone’s neighborhood. The phone takes the place of a child running to get the ball. I believe the photographer uses a child rather than an adult because it shows how serious texting and driving is: how one message can take an innocent life. The text under the picture says â€Å"You can’t count on text message to reveal what’s happening on the road in front of you.† I see it as the phone, something so worthless is taking the place of a child, who means the world to someone. This ad is from BMW and the only reason I am pointing this out is because there is a reason BMW is advertising the â€Å"Don’t text and drive† slogan. The iDrive system that was in the cars was very intricate and forced drivers to scroll through menus just to do basic tasks. This gave BMW a bad reputation so to make up for the lost cause they made ads against texting and driving and also updated the iDrive system to make it straightforward. Texting and driving is a serious and fatal problem that many drivers take part in. I think it should be illegal because of how many accidents and deaths are related to texting and driving. Next time you read or reply to a message while driving, think about the danger you put yourself and everyone around you in. Works Cited â€Å"Facts.† Stop the texts. Stop the Wrecks.. NHTSA. Web. 23 Jan 2013.

Joesph’s Story

Joseph’s Story The Cellular lever is essential to the homeostasis of an entire organism. In this case study you will learn the impact that a Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack) has on heart cells. The Patient (Joseph) is a 38 year old male who started back smoking after quitting for 3 years. He has been busy working long hours and the stress of his job was wearing on his body. Joseph was playing catch with his 12 year old Marcus when his heart stopped beating.Do to the loss of Oxygen, Blood Glucose, and waste removal the cellular process and membrane function will be affected. The cellular process when the heart stops is called Aerobic Respiration. Blood Glucose starts the glycolysis process and for a reaction in the mitochondria it requires Oxygen. Without exhalation Carbon Dioxide can’t be excreted. In the intracellular organelles all have membranes in their structure except Ribosome’s.The instructions Joseph’s body needs to repair it and his predisposi tion for vascular disease are two very important pieces of information. The DNA & RNA contain this important information which is all in one small cell. The cell functions have changed in reaction to three types of proteins: Glycoprotein’s, Peripheral proteins, and Channel proteins. All three proteins were involved in the homeostatic imbalance in patient Joseph’s heart cells.It is very important to reestablish Oxygen flow as soon as possible due to all the processes that have been interrupted. In order for cells to function correctly they need Oxygen and without it the cells die. If Cardiac Pulmonary Resuscitation isn’t started with in the first 4 minutes of Collapse and Defibrillation provided with in the first 10 minutes, a person has a 40% chance of permanent damage and in some cases could be fatal. CPR was started almost instantly and Joseph’s body will save Oxygen for the Brain, heart, & Lungs as much as possible.

Condition monitoring Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Condition monitoring - Essay Example Common electrical components like transformers and power cables are tested for partial discharge as part of a quality assessment framework. In fact, detection of partial discharge is a common practice adopted by electrical manufacturers across the world since the 1980s. Testing for partial discharge is necessary to improve the quality and reliability of electrical systems, as it has been cited as one of the primary reasons for failure of electrical systems (Bengtsson, 2003). The presence of partial discharge indicates a partial damage to the insulation that can lead to speaking effects along the insulation surface. Thus, detecting partial discharge helps in the identification of flaws like cracks and voids where there is a maximum probability of electrical stresses that can lead to a breach of the insulation. The analysis of partial discharge can be carried out using several predictive tests that identify any degradation of the insulation before such a condition leads to the damage o f the system. Such testing can further be carried out in standard operating conditions and does not require any special arrangements. Zhiqiang, (2004) says that typical methods of detection include acoustic, electrical and chemical techniques that do not affect the insulation system. Besides, all these methods for detection can be undertaken at reasonable costs and thus find widespread acceptance in the industry. This paper discusses the acoustic method of partial discharge (PD) detection by describing the advantages and disadvantages of the technique. Further, data has been sourced from 6 different research papers that analyze the acoustic PD method from different perspectives. Discussions and inferences from these individual papers has been presented and compared wherever appropriate. Possible future trends for acoustic PD testing have also been discussed in brief. Acoustic detection of PD Blackburn (1998) says that the acoustic method for PD detection relies on the identification , processing and storage of the signal resulting from a partial discharge. The acoustic signal generated during a PD occurrence is detected and recorded by the acoustic PD testing arrangement. The technique is similar to the generation of thunder during a storm. The acoustic signal is generated when a current streamer develops within the void space. The material surrounding this volume becomes vaporized leading to an explosion that releases a detectable amount of mechanical energy. The released energy then travels along the electrical system’s volume as a pressure field. The acoustic PD detection technique is mostly used in gas-insulated substations as well as in High-voltage transformers. Detections systems that employ this method are also differentiated based on their construction, into internal and external acoustic PD systems. Internal PD systems consist of a sensor that is placed within the transformer tank to detect the magnitude of the pressure wave through the oil med ium. In contrast, external PD systems are based on sensors that are attached to the outside wall of the transformer tank to monitor the pressure wave. Amongst these two methods, the external PD systems are more widely used in the industry due to the ease of construction and operation (Darley, 2001). The main benefit of the acoustic PD detection method over other available techniques is that the information on the position of the PD can be retrieved instantly from the PD detection system through

The Period of Middle Childhood Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Period of Middle Childhood - Assignment Example Middle childhood ages are thus shaped by their orientation and inclination to leadership in these organizations. Mediation has further been highlighted as a core source of leadership. This is due to the fact that it leads to critical thinking and the addition of new perspectives and the leading of these organizations to improve the leadership motive and the development of new mental processes which prepares the children for the transition into the into the next stage of development, adolescence. The level of leadership skills within these individuals as they transit to the next stage of development is the core determinant of how successful they go through this stage of management without necessarily losing their leadership traits (Karpov, 2009). However, children transition into this stage without the adequate leadership skills leads to a chaotic adolescence period. According to Vygotsky and neo Vygotskians, reading and learning is the root of gaining scientific knowledge. Scientific knowledge assists individuals cultivate better leadership skills and in the absence of learning, the capacity of people to venture into successful leadership is highly limited to their skills and abilities. These skills and abilities are mainly acquired during the learning process they undergo. In Vygotsky’s argument most children in industrialized countries, during their middle childhoods, undergo intensive learning to acquire the necessary skills required for these nations to attain overall success. During the middle childhood, there are a variety of issues that have been presented to pose a number of issues on the overall wellbeing of the individual. However, the most interesting aspect about middle childhood is the developmental process which individuals undergo during the learning process. The middle childhood revolves around school, since school is where these children can interact with their friends, as most of their friends are within the schools they learn. Arguably,

Enterprise Architecture and Databases - Case Study Essay

Enterprise Architecture and Databases - Case Study - Essay Example The automatic query response system is enabled in the data base which raises alarm when the desired red marked vehicle is traced any place. The reliance on man power and intuition is eliminated. Data bases are far more effective in this regard and hence removed the dependency on manual record keeping. With so many vehicles on the road, without such an integrated system keeping such a large record would be realistically impossible. Computerization has solved many problems. Hassle of manual tracing and without cameras would make the task half effective as now. There is always margin for improvement in every system, same goes for this one. The car cloning idea is seen as possible challenge that stands as obstacle as yet. In this scheme the original license is being put up on the stolen car. This needs solution in coming days. The accuracy of cameras and their presence in different suburbs of the city is a point that can help improving things. There is margin of improving the data bases, in terms of the processing time, the accuracy, and possible tracing of every nook and corner of the city through the use of more cameras since at present all parts of the city might not be monitored by the cameras. Centralization of the data base is another aspect so that the vehicles that are in other parts of the country and in other cities can be traced accordingly. The cloning idea is still a challenge which can be sorted out through investment of other type to ensure mitigation through effective means. Ease of use of data base is another aspect that can be explored for improvement and affectivity. The factor of being able to notice an individual’s activities, notably being alcoholic, being unfaithful to someone, and other habits are easy to determine and trace through this entire concept. However the affectivity of the system cannot be compromised for this purpose since it helps comprehending large number of offenders. In such case a balanced line

Macroeconomics. The Solow model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Macroeconomics. The Solow model - Essay Example The steady state condition is now that s*f(k) = (+n) * k:" (Introducing Population Growth). The Golden rule of Capital maximized the consumption at a steady state. This implies that the marginal product of capital net of depreciation must be equal to the technological progress and population hence growing for ever isn't possible without population and technological progress. The steady state is "c" and this is what is required. The values of steady state are substituted for both output. "(f(k*)) and investment which equals depreciation in steady state (k*) giving usc*=f(k*) - k*" (The Solow Model) 5. The Solow model is very simple and it creates a link between capital-output ratio and in addition to this it also it also creates a link between investment-depreciation ratio. All this is done in a dynamic model. "The main test for any model is how well it holds up against the data. Perhaps the biggest surprise is that despite its simplicity the Solow growth model can be applied to economic data. The results have been mixed though as Acemoglu writes in an extensive review of the literature. This is not necessarily bad news, for it points at some of the other factors that contribute to economic growth and differences across countries. One conclusion that can be drawn from the empirical literature is that cross-country differences in income per capita cannot be understood on the basis of differences in physical and human capital alone." (Solow growth Model) The economic growth is studied with this model and it has laid down a general basis for studying economic growth of an economy. The rate of capital accumulation and the rate of technological progress are two things that this model does not throw light upon and many models have been derived from the Solow model. The world is divided into capital and labour under this model and this is how the model progresses. The firms and households are treated as constants by this and the neoclassical growth model and this is rather considered a very odd feature of this model. "Now the question some may ask is to what extent economic growth is predicated on the use of non-renewable natural resources and thereby ultimately finite. Economic growth and capitalism rely on profit and not so much on production. Therefore both capitalism and economic growth are, in theory at least, reconcilable with sustainability. Differentiating between models of sustainable and unsustainable economic growth may be one of the greatest modelling challenges of the future." (Solow Growth Model) 6. In countries like Australia and Netherlands, the growth dynamics were determined predominantly by European integration. A broader study on the effect of convergence will